Air, Water and Land Pollution
More than half of the human population knows what is pollution, but we are still not ready to face its damaging consequences. Pollution is not only limited to water, soil, and noise but has extended to light, visual, point, and non-point sources. Human beings and their actions are majorly responsible for causing all types of pollution.
Water pollution is essentially caused by oil spills, urban runoff, and ocean dumping. Air pollution arises from the burning of fossil fuels, hydraulic fracturing, and gases emitted by vehicles. Water and soil pollution are majorly caused by industrial waste.
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. Urban Sprawl
Not only India and China are classic examples of overpopulation and urban sprawl leading to land degradation. Today almost all countries are using the land irresponsibly to meet the ever-growing demand of the greedy human wishes. The expansion of industrial areas has not only led to land degradation and soil pollution, but habitat destruction is a terrible misery.
A natural environment consisting of flora and fauna is indiscriminately destructed and lost completely instead of being replaced. In the long-run, this can have a harmful impact on human survival and causes a serious environmental issue.
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. Oil Spill
The oil spill is another form of pollution that involves the spilling of liquid petroleum in the ocean due to human activity that affects especially the marine ecosystem. Who doesn’t know the famous 2021 BP oil spill? The effects of this oil spill can still be seen after several years.
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. Hydraulic Fracking
Hydraulic fracturing or fracking is the process of pumping millions of gallons of water, sand, and chemicals underground to create enough pressure to crack or break apart the rock and release the gas. Fracking can lead to an increase in water pollution, an increase in the number of droughts, the spread of toxins, less focus on renewable energy sources, and others.
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. Natural Resource Depletion
Countries around the globe have been digging into the earth’s crust in search of petroleum products that they can use or sell to other countries to fulfill their thrust for energy. As you already know, these energy sources are limited and exploitation of these sources beyond a certain point will lead to an increase in air pollution and global warming.
Experts have already predicted these non-renewable sources might vanish in less than 50 years from now but still, oil companies have been using these sources of energy like they are going to be here for a lifetime.
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. Desertification
Desertification is defined as a process of land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and sub-humid areas due to various factors including climatic variations and human activities. Or, to put it in another way, desertification results in persistent degradation of dryland and fragile ecosystems due to man-made activities and variations in climate.
Overgrazing, deforestation, urbanization, and climate change are a few of the factors leading to desertification. Desertification can lead to hunger, flooding, poverty, and poor water quality. The only few ways to prevent desertification is educating people on sustainable farming practices and putting together rehabilitation efforts to prevent the issue from spreading further.
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. Habitat Loss and Destruction
Habitat destruction occurs by pollution that causes habitats to be destroyed because it changes the quality of air, water, and land while becoming a breeding ground for toxins.
Habitat destruction can lead to the extinction of various species, displacement of wildlife, disruption of underwater systems, change in the composition, and quality of the soil among others. We must raise awareness and teach others the importance of biodiversity to solve this serious environmental issue.
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. Loss of Biodiversity
The earth’s biodiversity is in grave danger. In the present era, human beings are the most dangerous cause of the destruction of the earth’s biodiversity. Habitat loss and destruction which is caused by deforestation, overpopulation, pollution, and global warming is a major cause of biodiversity loss.
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. Water Crisis – Water Shortage
Did you know that only 2.5% of all the water in the world is freshwater? And that only 1% of accessible water is trapped in glaciers and snowfields. We only have real access to 0.0007% of the planet’s water, that’s all we have to feed and fuel over 6.
Water crisis happens primarily due to water pollution, loss of groundwater, climate change and can lead to a lack of sanitation, hygiene, livestock and agricultural problems, an increase in deaths, diseases, wars, and malnutrition.
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References:
Environmental Issues from EPA
Habitat Destruction by WWF
Loss of Biodiversity by Nature
Genetic Engineering Issues
Climate Change – Climate Crisis
Climate change today is less of a natural process. It is rapidly occurring due to the ill effects of human actions responsible for disturbing and harmful out comings such as global warming, greenhouse effect, urban heat, coal industry, etc.
Climate change is not only changing the overall weather scenario but has larger and harmful effects. Some of these include the melting of polar regions, the occurrence of new diseases, and permanent inhibition in the growth of certain plants essential for human survival.
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Global Warming
Global warming is another environmental issue which is an increase in the earth’s temperature due to the effect of greenhouse gases called carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases. These gases possess heat trapping capacity that is needed to create a greenhouse effect so that this planet remains warm for people to survive. Without these gases, this planet would turn to be cold for life to exist.
During the past several decades, the accumulation of greenhouse gases has grown rapidly, which means more heat gets trapped in the atmosphere and few of these gases escapes back into space. These gases heat up the earth’s surface and this results in global warming.
According to the NOAA, the average earth’s temperature has increased by 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit (0.8 degrees Celsius) over the past century. Global warming is a serious public health and environmental concern. Global warming can have long-lasting effects which can result in the melting of glaciers, climate change, droughts, diseases, and an increase in hurricanes frequency.
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Deforestation & Logging
With the population growing at a rapid pace, the demand for food, shelter, and cloth has almost tripled in the last few decades. To overcome growing demand, a direct action that we have come to recognize as “Deforestation” occurs.
Deforestation means, clearing of forests or green cover for means of agriculture, industrial or urban use. It involves the permanent end of forest cover to make that land available for residential, commercial or industrial purposes.
According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), an estimated 18 million acres (7.3 million hectares) of forest are lost each year. The long term effects of deforestation can be severely devastating and alarming as they may cause floods, soil erosion, an increase in global warming, climate imbalance, wildlife extinction, and other serious environmental issues.
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Overpopulation
This is a never-ending human tragedy that is responsible for causing all types of environmental issues. Water pollution, resources crisis, gender imbalance, pollution, land pollution, urban sprawling, deforestation, over production are some common examples of dangerous effects cause by overpopulation.
Despite efforts taken by the government in terms of family planning in many countries, overpopulation is difficult to control at the international level. This has become more like a subjective concern and no method seems to be 100% efficient to resolve the problem of overpopulation.
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Industrial and Household Waste
At present, tons of garbage are produced by each household each year. Items that can be recycled are sent to the local recycling unit while other items become a part of the landfills or sent to third world countries. Due to an increase in demand for food, shelter, and house, more goods are produced. This resulted in the creation of more waste that needs to be disposed of.
Most waste is buried underground in landfill sites. The presence of huge landfill sites across the city poses serious environmental concerns. It affects human health, degrades soil quality, affects wildlife, causes air pollution, and results in climate change.
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Acid Rain
Acid rain simply means rain that is acidic in nature due to the presence of certain pollutants in the atmosphere. These pollutants come in the atmosphere due to the car or industrial processes. Acid rain can occur in the form of rain, snow, fog, or dry material that settle to earth.
Acid rain can also be caused due to man-made sources which include combustion of fossil fuels which release sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere. Acid rain can have devastating effects on aquatic life, forests, public health and architecture, and buildings.
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Ozone Layer Depletion
The ozone layer is a layer of gas that sits 20-30 km above the earth’s surface. It mainly contains contain ozone which is a naturally occurring molecule containing three oxygen atoms. This layer is present in the stratosphere and prevents too many harmful UV (ultraviolet) radiation from entering the earth.
However, during the last several decades, human and industrial activity has contributed a lot which has resulted in a considerable reduction in the ozone layer of the atmosphere. The main cause of depletion of the ozone layer is determined as excessive release of chlorine and bromine from man-made compounds such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), halons, CH3CCl3 (Methyl chloroform), CCl4 (Carbon tetrachloride), HCFCs (hydro-chlorofluorocarbons), (HBFCs) hydrobromofluorocarbons and methyl bromide are some of the ozone-depleting substances found to have a direct impact on the depletion of the ozone layer.
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Genetic Engineering
Genetic modification of food, human and animal organs seems like the gem of science and technology but this has major harmful effects. Biotechnology is an impressive technology but limiting the use is the need of the hour.
Genetic engineering is a controversial subject and has seen more ill impacts than the benefits it brings to mankind. Genetic pollution and alteration of food produce not only have harmful effects on human beings but are responsible for crucial concern knowns as ‘genetic modification’.
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To rapid changes in — перевод на русский — примеры английский | reverso context
Because it is likely to become more difficult to adjust to rapid changes in age structure, developing countries may find the difficulty of coping with the ageing process greater than that experienced by the developed countries so far.
В силу того, что приспособиться к быстрым изменениям в возрастной структуре станет, вероятно, тяжелее, развивающимся странам, возможно, будет труднее решать проблемы, связанные с процессом старения, в отличие от развитых стран, которые до настоящего времени справлялись с этой задачей.
